PI: Kevin Finkel, MD/ Co-PI: Nishant Merchant, MD / IRB # HHC-2022-0052

This study is a retrospective review in collaboration with the Trauma Surgery and Emergency Trauma Departments at Hartford Hospital. The primary objective is to determine if there are differences in using either CESPB, CSAPB, or epidural catheters on the following clinical outcomes: opioid consumption, pain control, hospital and ICU length-of-stay, the incidence of procedural complications, to assess hemodynamic instability, the need for and the amount vasoactive support, management of VTE prophylactic medications, incidence of complications like delirium; pneumonia, UTI, and mortality rate. Other trauma-related outcomes include time to the first ambulation, time to discharge from ED, time to initiate regional anesthesia regimen, ventilator duration, rate of tracheostomy, de-saturation episodes. Secondary objectives include a comparison of all three regional analgesia types as one group to a non-block group in terms of pain control, opioid consumption, hospital, and ICU length-of-stay, and the incidence of complications. The tertiary objective is to assess whether there were socioeconomic, ethnic, or racial disparities present in the treatment of those patients. This study is currently approved by IRB and open.